ANDONG, South Korea, March 28 ------ Wildfires in South Korea are now the largest and deadliest on record, having burned more forests and killed more people than any previous blaze, officials said on Thursday, as the death toll grew to 27. More than a dozen fires broke out over the weekend, scorching wide swathes of the country's southeast and forcing around 37,000 people to flee, with the fire cutting off roads and downing communications lines as residents escaped in panic.
South Korea's interior and safety ministry said 27 people had been killed and dozens more injured, with the toll likely to rise. It is the highest number of deaths since the Korea Forest Service started records for wildfires in 1987. More than 35,000 hectares (86,500 acres) of forest land have been burned, said Lee Han-kyung, disaster and safety division chief, adding that the fire was still spreading "rapidly." The extent of the damage makes it South Korea's largest-ever wildfire, surpassing the April 2000 inferno that scorched 23,913 hectares across the east coast.
Authorities said changing wind patterns and dry weather had revealed the limitations of conventional firefighting methods. Many of those killed were residents, particularly the elderly. At least three firefighters were killed, and a pilot in a firefighting helicopter died when his aircraft crashed in a mountainous area, officials said.
'Climate crisis'
Last year was South Korea's hottest year on record, although temperatures in the months leading up to the blaze had been colder than last year, and in line with the East Asian country's 30-year average, Korea Meteorological Administration data shows. But the fire-hit region had been experiencing unusually dry weather with below-average precipitation, authorities said. Some types of extreme weather have a well-established link with climate change, such as heat waves or heavy rainfall. Other phenomena, such as forest fires, droughts, snowstorms and tropical storms, can result from a combination of complex factors. "This wildfire has once again exposed the harsh reality of a climate crisis unlike anything we've experienced before," disaster chief Lee said. "The affected areas have seen only half the average rainfall, coupled with unusually strong winds, which have drastically accelerated the spread of the fire and intensified the damage," he added.
Yeh Sang-Wook, professor of climatology at Seoul's Hanyang University, told Agence France-Presse (AFP) that the lack of rainfall had dried out the land, "creating favorable conditions for wildfires." "We can't say that it's only due to climate change, but climate change is directly [and] indirectly affecting the changes we are experiencing now. This is a sheer fact," he said. But another expert, professor Hong Suk-hwan at Pusan National University's Department of Landscape Architecture, said the country's forest management practices also took some blame.
South Korea has prioritized the preservation of large pine trees — packed with oily resin —which allowed a variety of deciduous trees to thrive, he added. "If a fire breaks out, would it spread more easily on wet paper or on dry paper soaked in oil? Our forests are essentially covered in oil-soaked paper, creating an environment where wildfires can spread at an alarming speed," Hong told AFP. Were South Korea to have cultivated more deciduous trees in a natural mixed forest it "would slow wildfire spread and prevent it from escalating," he said.
Ancient pines cut
A 200-year-old pine tree at Bongjeongsa temple in Andong — the oldest wooden structure in South Korea and a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco)-listed site — was cut down in a bid to preserve the temple itself. "We had no choice but to cut it down the fire is spreading rapidly from one pine tree to another," the chief monk said.
At Unesco-listed Byeongsan Seowon, a former Confucian academy, the sky was hazy, AFP reporters saw, with fire trucks spraying water and fire retardants onto the historic site in a desperate bid to save it. "We are spraying 3 tons of water every day," Lee Seung-myung from the Andong fire department told AFP. Choi Young-ho, a firefighter at the heritage site, said they were at the mercy of the wind. "If there is a strong wind, it will carry flames from afar — a very worrisome situation," he said. Rain is forecast for late Thursday, potentially giving authorities a much-needed window to extinguish the blazes.
Source: manilatimes.net
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