If you’re living with diabetes, you know how important it is to reduce blood sugar when it is too high, a phenomenon called hyperglycemia. But blood sugar that is too low, or hypoglycemia, is equally critical to avoid.
“Hypoglycemia happens when the amount of blood glucose (sugar in the blood) drops to a level that’s too low to sustain normal functioning,” says Erin Palinski-Wade, RD, CDCES, who is based in Sparta, New Jersey. “In most people, this is defined as a blood sugar level at or below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).”
Low blood sugar is common among people with type 2 diabetes, according to a review of research. Individuals with the condition had an average of 19 mild or moderate episodes of hypoglycemia per year and nearly one severe episode per year on average, according to the researchers. Low blood sugar was particularly common among those taking insulin.
This decrease in blood sugar levels can cause both short-term complications, like confusion and dizziness, as well as more serious issues, including seizures, coma, and, rarely, death, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA).
Hypoglycemia is usually the result of a too-high dose of insulin or a change in diet or exercise habits, according to Harvard Health Publishing.
To prevent hypoglycemia and its potentially dangerous side effects, monitor your blood sugar levels and treat low blood sugar as soon as you become aware of it, recommends the Mayo Clinic.
Also, pay attention to these telltale symptoms of dipping blood sugar levels to make sure yours stays under control:
1. Ravenous Hunger
If you suddenly, inexplicably feel as if you’re starving, your body is signaling that it’s experiencing a blood sugar drop, according to the Cleveland Clinic. You can manage your blood sugar by counting your carbohydrate intake and understanding the different types and food sources, notes the ADA. The “right” amount of carbs for each person depends on a variety of factors, so you should work with your dietitian or certified diabetes care and education specialist to determine what’s right for you.
2. Feelings of Anxiety
When glucose levels fall too low, your body releases the hormones epinephrine (also called adrenaline) and cortisol, which signals the liver to release more sugar into the blood, notes Harvard Health Publishing. That can lead to anxiety and its associated symptoms, such as shakiness, sweating, and heart palpitations, according to research.
3. Restless Nights
Nocturnal hypoglycemia, which accounts for about half of all low blood glucose episodes, can cause a number of sleep disturbances, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine. “Symptoms include night sweats, nightmares, episodes of waking suddenly and crying out, and feelings of unrest and confusion upon waking,” says Palinski-Wade. “A snack before bed can reduce the frequency and severity of sleep disturbances.” Ideally, your blood sugar reading should be between 90 and 150 mg/dL before rest, according to Joslin Diabetes Center.
4. Shakes and Tremors
Shakiness is a symptom that occurs when the autonomic nervous system is activated during hypoglycemia, according to research.
5. Emotional Instability
Mood swings and sudden emotional episodes not typical of your normal behavior are among the neurological symptoms of hypoglycemia and can include irritability, stubbornness, and feelings of depression, according to a study.
6. Sweating
Sweating is usually one of the first signs of hypoglycemia, and it also is related to a spike in adrenaline, which increases as glucose levels drop, according to research. Up to 84 percent of people with diabetes experience sweating when they’re hypoglycemic, according to the research. And according to Kaiser Permanente, sweating is almost always present during low blood sugar episodes but should go away shortly after you take in some sugar.
7. Lightheadedness
When your blood sugar is low, your brain tries to preserve as much energy as possible, so you may feel lightheaded as a result, according to Harvard Health Publishing. If you experience this common symptom of hypoglycemia, treat the hypoglycemia quickly with 15 to 20 g of fast-acting carbs, such as juice, suggests the Mayo Clinic. Try to lie down, too, and if the lightheadedness keeps up for more than 15 minutes, it’s time to seek medical help.
8. Difficulty Concentrating
The brain relies on blood sugar for energy, so if there’s a drop in glucose, your brain may not function properly, notes Harvard Health Publishing. That can make it difficult to concentrate on one thing at a time. The good news is there doesn’t appear to be any long-term brain damage caused by moderate hypoglycemia episodes, according to a review of relevant studies.
9. Vision Problems
If you suddenly start experiencing vision problems, a drop in blood sugar may be the culprit. According to a survey of 107 people with diabetes, blurred vision was the most common eye-related symptom (affecting 73 percent of study participants), followed by dimness in vision (about 45 percent) and black spots (37 percent).
10. Slurred Speech and Clumsiness
Your sugar-starved brain may change the way you sound. Slurred speech is a common symptom associated with blood sugar levels that drop below 40 mg/dL, notes the Mayo Clinic. Combined with clumsiness — another sign of low blood sugar — you may seem as though you’ve had a few too many cocktails, even if you haven’t touched a drop, according to the NHS.
Source: www.everydayhealth.com
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